Antibody Panel to Members of the Forkhead Box (FOX) Transscription Factor Family

Introduction

FOX transcription factors are characterized by the FOX domain, which is an ~100-amino-acid monomeric DNA binding domain. The three-dimensional structure of FOX domain consists of two W1 and W2 loops (or wings) and three helices. Due to the butterfly-like appearance, FOX domain is also known as ‘winged-helix’ domain.

Forkhead-box (FOX) gene family consists of at least 43 members, including FOXA1, FOXA2, FOXA3, FOXB1, FOXC1, FOXC2, FOXD1, FOXD2, FOXD3, FOXD4, FOXD5 (FOXD4L1), FOXD6 (FOXD4L3), FOXE1, FOXE2, FOXE3, FOXF1, FOXF2, FOXG1 (FOXG1B), FOXH1, FOXI1, FOXJ1, FOXJ2, FOXJ3, FOXK1, FOXK2, FOXL1, FOXL2, FOXM1, FOXN1, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1), FOXN4, FOXN5 (FOXR1), FOXN6 (FOXR2), FOXO1 (FOXO1A), FOXO2 (FOXO6), FOXO3 (FOXO3A), FOXO4 (MLLT7), FOXP1, FOXP2, FOXP3, FOXP4, and FOXQ1. FOXE3-FOXD2 (1p33), FOXQ1-FOXF2-FOXC1 (6p25.3), and FOXF1-FOXC2-FOXL1 (16q24.1) loci are FOX gene clusters within the human genome. Members of FOX subfamilies A-G, I-L and Q were grouped into class 1 FOX proteins, while members of FOX subfamilies H and M-P were grouped into class 2 FOX proteins. C-terminal basic region within the FOX domain was the common feature of class 1 FOX proteins. FOXH1 and FOXO1 mRNAs are expressed in human embryonic stem (ES) cells. FOXC1, FOXC2, FOXE1, FOXE3, FOXL2, FOXN1, FOXP2 and FOXP3 genes are mutated in human congenital disorders. FOXA1 gene is amplified and over-expressed in esophageal and lung cancer. FOXM1 gene is up-regulated in pancreatic cancer and basal cell carcinoma due to the transcriptional regulation by Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway. FOXO1 gene is fused to PAX3 or PAX7 genes in rhabdomyosarcoma. FOXO3 and FOXO4 genes are fused to MLL gene in hematological malignancies. Deregulation of FOX family genes leads to congenital disorders, diabetes mellitus, or carcinogenesis.

The forkhead (Fox) gene family comprises a diverse group of winged-helix transcription factors that play important roles in development, metabolism, cancer and aging. Recently, several forkhead genes have been demonstrated to play critical roles in lymphocyte development and effector function, including FoxP3 in the development of regulatory T cells, FoxJ1 and FoxO3a in the regulation of CD4+ T cell tolerance, and FoxN1 in thymic development. Roles for other forkhead genes have also been proposed, including FoxP1 in macrophage differentiation, FoxP1 in natural killer cell effector function and FoxD2 in T cell activation. Thus, forkhead genes promise insight into the mechanisms of immunoregulation in several immune cell lineages, and their dysregulation likely contributes to the pathogenesis of several immunological disorders, suggesting that their study will lead to the development of novel therapeutic agents.

Antibody Tools for Detection of Forkhead box Proteins

Acris Antibodies offers a wide range of mono- and polyclonal antibodies for the detection of members of the FOX transcription factor family. The antibodies are suitable for Western blotting, some of them can be used for immunofluorescence and / or immunohistochemical stainings of Paraffin embedded tissues.

Fig.1: shows immunohistochemical staining of FOXL2 in murine prenatal follicle using antibody SP5291P

Fig.2: shows immunofluorescence of FOXL2 in KK1 granulosa cells using antibody SP5291P

Fig.3: Staining of human lung (alveolar cells) using anti-FOXA3 antibody ARP31945: positive label indicated wit arrows

Fig.4: Staining of human hepatocytes using anti-FOXG1A (Forkhead-related protein FKHL2) antibody P100984: positive label indicated with arrows

Fig.5: Staining of human kidney (epithelial cells of renal tubule) using anti-FOXF2 antibody ARP31694: positive label indicated with arrows

Fig.6: Staining of human stomach (fundic gland) using anti-FOXJ2 antibody ARP32910: positive label indicated wit arrows

Available Antibodies to FOX Transscription Factor Family

Anti- FOXA1, FOXA2, FOXA3, FOXB1, FOXC1, FOXC2, FOXD1, FOXD2, FOXD3, FOXE1 antibody, FOXE2, FOXE3, FOXF1, FOXF2, FOXG1 (FOXG1B), FOXH1, FOXI1, FOXJ2, FOXK2, FOXL1, FOXL2, FOXM1, FOXN1 antibody, FOXN2 (HTLF), FOXN3 (CHES1), FOXO1 (FOXO1A), FOXO2 (FOXO6), FOXO3 (FOXO3A), FOXP1, FOXP2 antibody, FOXP3, FOXP4, FOXQ1 antibody and FOXR2 (FOXN6) antibody

 

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