Antibodies to NK-cells: CD335 (NKp46), CD305 (LAIR-1) and KIR – Family

Introduction: Natural killer (NK) cells are a subpopulation of lymphocytes capable of lysing transformed and virus-infected cells without apparent presensitization. Inhibitory receptors present on NK cells prevent excessive inflammatory responses and autoimmunity by binding major histocompatibility complex (MHC) expressed on target cells, resulting in the NK cells selectively killing only targets that lack MHC on their surface.

A natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR), CD335 / NKp46, is a glycoprotein that has two extracellular Ig-like domains followed by a ~40 residue stalk region, a type I transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail. NKp46 has been shown to represent a novel NK cell-specific molecule involved in human NK cell activation. The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs) are a recently characterized family of Ig-like activation receptors that appear to be major triggering receptors in tumor cell recognition. NKp46 has been implicated in NK cell-mediated lysis of several autologous tumor cells and pathogen-infected cell lines.
CD305 / LAIR-1 is a member of the leukocyte-associated Ig like receptor family. The LAIR-1 protein shares less than 30% homology with members of the inhibitory immunoglobulin superfamily and 32% homology with members of the immunoglobulin-like transcript family. LAIR-1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein (~32kDa) expressed on the majority of human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes including T cells, B cells, NK cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. LAIR-1 recruits SHP-1 and SHP-2 tyrosine phosphatases upon activation, and cross-linking of the LAIR-1 molecule on NK cells results in strong inhibition of NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.
KIR2DL1 / KIR2DL3 / KIR2DL4 / KIR2DS4 are members of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family. The KIR family consists of up to 14 transmembrane glycoproteins of the Ig superfamily now also termed CD158a-k and CD158z. They are expressed on human NK cells and a subset of human T cells which they are involved in recognition of either MHC class I molecules or unknown ligand on target cells and inhibit cytotoxic activities. Sequence analysis revealed a structure with a 21-amino acid signal peptide, an extracellular region containing two C2-type Ig-like domains, a 19-amino acid hydrophobic transmembrane region, and a long cytoplasmic tail with 2 ITIMs.

Antibody Tools for the Detection of NK Cell Subsets

Acris Antibodies offers a broad panel of antibodies to NK cells: anti CD335 (NKp46), anti LAIR-1 and anti KIR2D antibodies can be used in flow cytometry but also in other immunological applications like ELISA or Western blotting.

Literature

1. Warren HS. The Eighth Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigen (HLDA8) Workshop: natural killer cell section report. Cell Immunol. 2005 Jul-Aug;236(1-2):17-20. Epub 2005 Sep 12. Erratum in: Cell Immunol. 2005 Dec;238(2):135. PMID: 16157321 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
2. Walzer T, Bléry M, Chaix J, Fuseri N, Chasson L, Robbins SH, Jaeger S, André P, Gauthier L, Daniel L, Chemin K, Morel Y, Dalod M, Imbert J, Pierres M, Moretta A, Romagné F, Vivier E. Identification, activation, and selective in vivo ablation of mouse NK cells via NKp46. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 27;104(9):3384-9. Epub 2007 Feb 20
3. Long EO, Barber DF, Burshtyn DN, Faure M, Peterson M, Rajagopalan S, Renard V, Sandusky M, Stebbins CC, Wagtmann N, Watzl C. Inhibition of natural killer cell activation signals by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (CD158). Immunol Rev. 2001 Jun;181:223-33.

Available Antibody Panel to NK Cell Markers
CD335 (NKp46) antibody; CD305 (LAIR-1) antibody and LAIR-1a antibody; CD158 (KIR) antibody, CD158a (KIR2DL1), CD158b (KIR2DL3) and CD158d (KIR2DL4) antibody as well as anti - CD158i (KIR2DS4)

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